Seed Saving Saves

Time to start saving common household items for seed starting. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

Seed Saving Saves

Another snow storm has started where I live, making it hard to even remember what my hillside looked like when it was green and a fully deployed garden. Luckily enough, there is something we can all do to get a start on this growing season. If you haven’t started yet, it’s time to save some common household items for starting seeds.

You can certainly buy a number of seed starting products from cardboard seed cups to seed starting trays. However, we have most of what we need in our recycling pile and the items are serving a dual purpose:

1. Toilet paper tubes, cut in half and quickly folded on one end, can be used as seed starting pots. Once the plant growing in it is ready to go outside, the whole plant and pot can be planted in the ground.

2. Cardboard egg cartons. I like these for smaller seeds. When large enough, the carton can be cut to move the small plants to larger containers or directly planted outside.

3. Milk cartons, cut in half, can provide early seed starts by working as tiny greenhouses. These work well for seeds that need exposure to cold to grow.

4. Clear lettuce containers can also be used to start seeds since the lids retain warmth forming a small greenhouse.

5. The white plastic with clear lids work well to store seeds still in their packets. I keep vegetable seeds in one, herbs in another and mark it on the outside for easy retrieval.

Are you ready to start seeds?

Charlotte

February Gardening Jobs

Time to find Hellebores, or Lenten Roses, in bloom. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

February Gardening Jobs

January is ending in continued rain with the promise of colder temperatures early February. The ground where I live still hasn’t frozen this winter so I may sneak some trees still in their pots into the garden on a dry day. Some of our big box stores have seed offerings and seed starting kits for sale, something I try to stay away from so that I’m not tempted to bring all of them home.

I live in USDA Hardiness Zone 5b-6A, inching more towards 6A based on recent past winters. I chose plants for zone 5 since the zone classification is an average of temperatures over 13 years.

The following are my February gardening chores or jobs:

• Locate downed tree trunks and use them to border flower beds. As the tree trunks decompose, they will improve the soil.

• Pressure is on so if you haven’t made a dent in your reading pile, get a start, spring is only 47 days away.

•  If you haven’t ordered your favorite gardening catalogs, get them ordered. Look for catalogs with detailed plant descriptions and good photographs so you can use them for reference.  Missouri Wildflowers Catalog has lovely pictures, even old catalogs are still good references. www.mowildflowers.net. For heirloom seeds, try Baker Creek Heirloom Seeds at www.rareseeds.com, both are Missouri nurseries.

• Review last year’s garden diary entries. If you’ve missed a few entries, add them now. Underline items you wanted to get done this year. I make a list, then decide which projects I want to tackle. I also carry over the ones I didn’t get to last year, or drop them off the master list. This is a good time to dream.

• Focus on adding native plants. Once established, they will be low care and tend to require less water than other plants and they will feed the native pollinators. They are connected. Check out George O. White State Forest Nursery, they may still have some seedlings left. Order even if they say sold out, you may still get the seedlings if the previous person didn’t pay for their order.

• On warm days, remember to water mums planted this past year. New mums need a gallon a month to keep their roots moist their first year. Once established, mums will become perennials and deter bugs from around where they are planted.

• Pile mulch and leaves on garden beds if they’ve been blown off by winter winds.

• Check inside plants for any hitchhiking bugs and remove. Make sure they are getting their sunlight needs met. If not, move them. Water with diluted fertilizer. Prune as necessary.

• Drop your garden pruners and other garden tools off to get sharpened, this is a slow time of year and this will give you a head start on the season.

• When feeding birds, add a little sand in the bird feeder mix. Birds need sand to help them digest seeds. Also ensure they have an available water source. Feed suet on cold days.

• If you have fish in an outside pond, make sure it has a hole in the ice so fish will get oxygen.

Start looking for spring bulbs popping up out of the ground. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

You should start seeing spring bulbs popping up, love to see the new greenery.

Charlotte

Homemade Seed Tape

Paper towels make a good base for saving seeds to plant later. (Charlotte Ekker Wiggins photoo)

Homemade Seed Tape

Do you remember seed tape?

It was popular a couple of decades ago and sold as an easy way to garden. The package someone gave me for Christmas back then included 1x8 foot tissue paper with seeds glued between two layers. I planted the roll but nothing grew from it that year.

But the concept stayed in the back of my mind.

Then one year when I was traveling I saved some seeds in a paper towel and a new idea was born. I can make my own version of seed tape and ensure it’s from a stock I like.

Two years ago, I started to save my favorite tomato seeds from the plants I was growing. My experiment was with cherry tomatoes, which I grow every year in pots.

Favorite tomato seeds can be pricey to make sure you know the source. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

Now it’s easy to say why bother until you start to see the prices for tomato seeds.

So how do you save the seeds?

Open the fruit you want to collect seeds from and spread them across a paper towel. Label. Allow to dry. Other fruit you can try include strawberries, green peppers and - what else would you like to try?

Don’t forget to label the seeds as they dry, then cut out the corner and store in an envelope. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

Once dry, save in paper envelopes. You can recycle envelopes by cutting them in half and taping the cut end. Remember to label the outside of envelope. Store in a dry place until it’s time to plant.

You can also do this with other seeds.

Charlotte

How to Buy Seeds Online

Buy seeds online only from known and US sources. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

How to Buy Seeds Online

Did you happen to get mysterious seeds through the mail last year? Most of those packages were shipped from China, unmarked without content identification. According to the National Gardening Bureau, they became a national security risk because of the possibility that if planted, the seeds were bringing in new diseases or noxious weeds. Now those mysterious packages have been attributed to “brushing scams,” overseas companies sending inexpensive seeds so they could “claim” an address as the basis for a fake positive online product review they post.

In other words, buy seeds and plants from known and trusted online sources. If you receive unsolicited seed or plant shipments, do not plant.

When shopping online, it’s so much easier today to scam people so here are tips on how to get what you think you’re paying for:

1. Know the merchant and their reputation. Several years ago a friend toured the Seed Saver Exchange headquarters and spoke highly of them so I now know they are a reliable seed source.

2. Avoid offers that seem “too good to be true.” If they seem too good, they are.

3. Make sure the site is secure. Does the URL start with https and not just http?

4. Know or research the vendor, especially if going through a third party like Amazon. Since the flood of unsolicited seeds last year, Amazon has been removing listings for live plants and seeds that are offered and fulfilled by residents or companies outside of North America.

5. Ask around. Talk to your friends and other gardeners. What do they buy and where do they shop and why?

6. Peruse the catalog or website. Get to know that company and what they specialize in. There is a huge variety of companies and each serves an important niche.

7. Know your limits or your garden’s limits. All experienced gardeners can tell you that buying too many seeds or plants is the most common problem. Especially now when most of us are dreaming of spring and can easily overbuy.

8. Buy seed now for fall too. Don’t buy just for spring because succession sowing is important for season-long harvest and there are wonderful vegetables like cabbage and kale that are great for fall plantings.

9. Note how many seeds are in each package and plan ahead. If you can use 25 of the same tomato variety, that’s great! You can always store leftovers for next year but be aware that the germination rate will decline slightly, even if properly stored. Maybe you want to share or swap seeds with a gardening friend? National Seed Swap Day is January 30, 2021.

10.             Pay attention to growing zones and conditions. No one wants you disappointed by trying to grow something that simply won’t grow in your garden’s conditions.

11.             Try something new! Step out of your comfort zone and try at least one new seed each year…you never know, it might be your favorite!

12.             Order early if possible and be patient. Seed companies are likely to experience delays in times of high demand. Be aware of that company’s current timeline for shipping. They will be transparent. Sign up for or subscribe to that company’s communications to stay informed and up-to-date.

13.             Keep records. Keep track of what you ordered, what you planted, what worked well, what didn’t work, which tastes you preferred, etc. Next year this time, you’ll be glad you did!

Charlotte

Start Composting

One of the bowls of kitchen scraps headed to my composters. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

Start Composting

There are many ways you can start gardening and composting is my first recommendation. Why?

Regardless of the seeds you select, the space you have and even your level of experience you need to first and foremost feed your soil. That’s right, before you do anything you need to collect kitchen scraps to feed to your soil.

Soil is actually a fascinating ecosystem full of micronutrients and creatures that live at different temperatures in soil. Did you know there are more living entities in a tablespoon of soil than humans currently living on earth? And all of those micro creatures work together to provide the environment for our plants to grow and generate food for us to eat.

The good news is you have everything you need to compost already.

Plastic bag in a freezer drawer is a good way to start composting. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

1. Open your freezer. Do you have a movable basket that pulls out? Great, that’s your composting bin.

2. Do you have plastic bags from shopping? Cover your bin with one and now you have your kitchen scrap collecting bag.

3. Once you finish cooking and meals, put your kitchen scraps in the plastic bag. Once it’s full, it’s time to take it outside. At first you can just dig a hole and empty the frozen kitchen scraps into the hole in a garden bed. Space the holes about 4 feet apart and water in. I used to place a rock or brick over the spot to keep wildlife shoppers from digging it up.

4. As you get into the habit of collecting kitchen scraps, you can graduate to either making a composter out of a plastic container or buy one, adding leaves and grass to your kitchen scraps to generate organic matter. Once it turns to a crumbly black, you can then scatter it on your garden. That organic mixture will feed your soil and make it ready for a new growing season.

And think of all of the cost and space you will save in your garbage by recycling kitchen scraps!

Charlotte

Saving Pumpkin Seeds

These are baking pumpkin seeds drying on hardware cloth. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

Saving Pumpkin ‘Seeds

If you toss pumpkins after Halloween, think again. With very little effort, you can harvest seeds and have not only something to share at Christmas but a source for growing more pumpkins next year. And you know what you are getting, not wondering if the seeds have been treated with anything.

There are a number of cute drying racks on the market, i have a small one myself that was a gift and I use it to dry herbs for my homemade teas. The good news is that we all have things around our house, and apiary, that we can repurpose without having to buy anything.

For example, I have screened inner covers i use in my bee hives in summer to help give the hive ventilation. Those are pulled off in the fall so I repurpose them as seed drying racks.

This beehive screened inner cover does double duty as a drying rack. (photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

In this photo I have a paper towel-lined cardboard box on the bottom with Jack O Lantern pumpkin seeds topped by a screened inner cover with baking pumpkin seeds drying.

You can also use old window screens or anything that has a screen that allows air to circulate.

Paper towels and newspapers work well to absorb moisture. Remember to label. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

How to Save Pumpkin Seeds

Remove the pumpkin seeds. You can wash them but I don’t, I remove as much of the pulp as i can and then spread the seeds on paper towels or newspaper. The pulp is mainly moisture so it quickly dries up.

Remember to label the seeds if you have two or more varieties, I use a marker on the corner of the paper towel or newspaper.

These are pumpkin seeds from a white pumpkin drying on newspaper. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

These are seeds from a white pumpkin freshly harvested and drying on a sheet of newspaper in a cardboard box. I’m going to guess in our current cold weather it could take these seeds a couple of weeks to dry.

The critical part of the process is to make sure air can get to them.

If you have a warmer spot where they can sit that can also help speed up the drying process.

Save paper envelopes to repurpose for storing dried seeds,. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

Once dried, I save them in repurposed envelopes. Paper is better than plastic to discourage moisture. And once again, remember to label the envelopes.

The paper envelopes also fit nicely in my little seed saving plastic tote.

Cardboard boxes also make good seed drying containers. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

This is how a tower of drying seeds looks like. Not pretty but very practical and effective and most of the items are repurposed.

Can you leave your pumpkins outside for awhile before you harvest? You can if your weather is not going to go below freezing for any length of time. And remember that wildlife such as squirrels are not going to wait for you to help yourself first to the pumpkin seeds.

Squirrels made holes in pumpkins to remove the seeds. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

Once dry, you can then share seeds with family and friends. I sent baking pumpkin seeds to friends in my 2020 Christmas cards, the directions said only 120 days to pumpkin pie!

Charlotte

January Gardening Chores

Snow covers ice on my mid-Missouri limestone hillside garden. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

January Gardening Chores

January used to be the month when a gardener could sit back and do some of the most important work: planning. We’ve had record high temperatures in USDA Hardiness Zone 5, turning growing conditions into early spring rather than winter. I had forsythia and vinca blooming right before this New Year’s 2021 ice and snow storm, the first time since I started keeping a garden diary in 1982.

According to US Department of Agriculture, the Hardiness Zones are based on the average annual minimum winter temperature divided into 10-degree F zones, which give a range of temperatures for a certain plant or tree. The hardiness zones for the Midwest fluctuate more than other zones but average Zones 4,5 and 6. The zones for Missouri can be found here.

These zones are averaged over 13 years and adjusted accordingly. There may be major adjustments in a couple of years due to our rapidly changing climate. Predictions for the Midwest have included longer springs and falls, shorter winters and summers; and higher summer temperatures. These changes are occurring very fast, challenging nature to adjust.

The following are some of my January gardening tips and chores:

1.         Review your garden diary from last year. Underline items you want to get done this year. I also carry over the ones I didn’t get to last year, or drop them off the master list. This is a good time to dream.

2.         Identify what plants you want to add this year and note what soil and sun requirements they will need. Focus on adding native plants. Once established, native plants will be low care and excel in local soil and weather conditions.

3.         Plan on expanding flowerbeds to start removing grass from your property. Expanding flowerbeds will give you areas to plant vegetables as well as flowers and provide more food for pollinators. One way to start expanding flowerbeds is to place cardboard along the existing flowerbed edge and then move the flower bed border early spring. Mulch on the cardboard will keep the garden looking nice and help restore healthy soil conditions.

 4.        Order catalogs you have used in the past and share catalogs you don’t need or use. One of my favorites is the Missouri Wildflowers Nursery Native Plants catalog, it has lovely pictures with a quick guide on what growing conditions native plants require and they offer great plant starts.

5.         Order locally-adapted seed catalogs. Baker Creek Heirloom Seeds is a favorite seed catalog from Mansfield, Missouri.

7.         Read. Whether it’s 2 Million Blossoms, a new quarterly focused on pollinators, to new gardening books, catch up on what you couldn’t get to last year.

8.         Remove broken limbs in pathways to keep walkways clear and safe.

9.         On warm days, pile mulch and leaves on garden beds if they’ve been blown off by winter winds. Mulch will help keep the soil temperature even and reduce the thawing and heaving that causes plant damage.

10.       Check inside plants for any hitchhiking bugs and remove. Make sure they are getting their sunlight needs met. If not, move them. Water with diluted fertilizer. Prune as necessary, I use metal sewing thread snips. The thread snips make it easy to trim plants and keep them bushy.

12.       Drop your garden pruners and other garden tools to get sharpened. Home and garden centers with service departments can usually sharpen tools.

13.  Start scouting where you can install rain barrels and totes to collect rain water off your gutter system. Observe what happens to rain and photograph so you can refer to the rain pattern later.

14. Water newly-planted chrysanthemums so they can get their roots established.

15. Enjoy the calm and peace of winter, Even gardeners need time to rejuvenate.

Charlotte

Soil Testing

The wonderful world of soils and all of the microorganisms that live in it. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

Soil Testing

As spring fever hits, this is the perfect time to get soil tested. Of all of the things we can do to make our gardens better, getting soil tested is by far the most important step to take.

A test will help assess the current state of soil and make recommendations of how to improve it for what you want to plant.

I did my first soil test through the University of Missouri Extension a couple of decades ago and repeat it every 2-3 years. Working a Missouri limestone hillside into a garden, it’s helpful to monitor how the soil amendments I have added change the soil composition.

Soil is assessed on a scale of 1-14. A middle seven is neutral. The chart extremes are sweet, higher than 7+ and bitter, lower than 7.

To successfully grow most plants, you want a good solid seven. On either end, blueberries and hydrangeas prefer a little more acid growing conditions; butterfly bushes and lilacs prefer sweeter soil.

How to Collect Soil

Using a freezer bag, collect 1 1/2 cups of soil from 6-8 spots around the garden from about 6 inches deep - if you can dig that deep.

Seal it up and take it to your local University of Missouri Extension office with $15. You will need to tell them what kind of plants you want to raise to get the most out of your soil test results.

Within a couple of weeks, the soil test report will be emailed to you with the results and recommendations, as appropriate.

The following are a couple of soil test examples, starting with a home garden.

Example Home Garden Soil Test

This home garden soil test shows recommendations at bottom. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

The soil test results are a little different for a field soil test.

Example Field Soil Test

A field test soil example covers more elements. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

My One Acre Limestone Hillside Soil Test April 2019

Over the years, friends have asked how I grow what I grow on a limestone hillside garden, where my first neighbors said “nothing would grow.” For 35 years i have concentrated on adding organic matter to existing soil and being kind to the soil I do have.

My limestone hillside garden soil test from April 2019. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

How to Improve Soil

At first blush, my Missouri limestone hillside garden should be acidic because I let the oak leaves fall on garden beds and only rake those that get in my way. Leaves, by the way, are excellent mulch and provide winter cover for a number of beneficial insects.

To improve my soil - well, actually to create soil - I added wood chips from our local recycling center along with compost. In addition, shredded leaves with grass clippings were also incorporated. These were added after the wood chips and shredded leaves had sat for a few months.

And to naturally enrich the soil, I have wildlife branch piles that have encouraged rabbits, which add to enriching the soil. And they’re big. I snuck out into my apiary at 4 a.m. to close up a hive a couple of weeks ago and was astounded at the wildlife moving around, including one very large rabbit.

Maybe it was because I was standing down hill and the rabbit was uphill but that was one big “bun bun.”

Regardless of your soil test results, the best way to improve soil is to compost. Compost helps to feed the microorganisms in soil that keep plants healthy. You can start by composting kitchen scraps and gradually move to composters and composting bins. It really is the best thing you can do for your soil and plants!

Charlotte

Garden Terrace Wall

Finished garden terrace wall corner facing the house. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

Garden Terrace Wall

My southern garden now has a garden terrace wall that will provide an easier planting area, connect this space to the rest of my garden making it more easily accessible and holding in soil. When one gardens on a limestone hillside, keeping soil in one place is a huge consideration.

This garden terrace wall has another benefit. It is repurposing wood from a house deck we had to tear down a couple of years ago. Because it would take too much time to separate the adjoining boards, my handyman suggested we use them as is for the garden wall.

The garden terrace is longer and deeper away from the house. It basically expands an existing garden bed in a relatively flat space. Oh joy!

The right side of the garden terrace wall away from the house. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

The new garden terrace wall also makes use of rotted cedar posts on the most southern wall, which i will paint to treat the wood.

Inside the wall I am adding tree trunks and limbs to establish a wood base that will retain water. Once the bottom is full of wood, top soil will go in finished by wood chip mulch.

Garden terrace wall corner farthest away from the house. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

Here is the long view of the garden terrace wall where the tree trunks are going in. Old tree trunks, visible to the left, have worked well maintaining moisture in the old flower bed to the left.

I am filling the terrace wall with tree trunks to absorb water. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

We also repurposed an old set of stairs, now connecting the garden paths through my garden at the bottom of the terrace wall.

Don’t worry about the bee hives and leaving concrete blocks on the left, all will be settled back into their spaces once we have the tree trunks in the terrace wall.

Steps now greet me at the bottom of the long garden path. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

This has also opened up this new garden area for not only planting but just enjoying the space. I can easily now sit on the edge to work the soil and watch the bees.

Charlotte

Homemade Hand Sanitizer

Reuse hand dispenser by filing with aloe vera gel and rubbing alcohol. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

Homemade Hand Sanitizer

With hand sanitizers selling out in major US cities due to Coronavirus concerns, here is how you can make a homemade hand sanitizer you can have available all year.

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention advise frequent hand-washing with either soap and water or an alcohol-based hand sanitizer will guard against the virus.

"Our hands and fingertips carry the infection, so if we use hand sanitizer that will pretty much control the disease," Dr. Sanjay Maggirwar, a professor of microbiology at George Washington University, told CBS MoneyWatch.

Homemade Hand Sanitizer Recipe via CBS News March 6, 2020

2/3 cup 60% or higher rubbing alcohol

1/3 cup aloe vera gel

Optional: 8-10 drops essential oil for scent only to cover alcohol smell.

How to Use Homemade Hand Sanitizer

Wash out a liquid soap or hand sanitizer bottle.

Fill with your homemade hand sanitizer.

Squirt on hands to clean.

I keep aloe vera gel in my gardening bucket for minor stings and scratches. I just used my aloe vera after cleaning out my herb garden.

I also keep 70% rubbing alcohol to sanitize my beekeeping tools.

Wash Your Hands Well

Washing your hands with soap, cleaning under nails and between fingers for 20 seconds will also work.

If you are a gardener, you already know how well to clean hands after a long day in the garden!

Charlotte

Clam Shell Seed Starting

Fruit clam shells make tiny greenhouses for easy seed starting. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

Clam Shell Seed Starting

It’s getting closer to the time to start planting seeds indoors where I live in USDA Hardiness zone 5b. Most seeds, especially vegetable seeds, take about 6 weeks to be strong enough for transplanting. Our last frost day is around May 10 so I back date how long seeds take to be established before transplanting to determine when to start seeds. One of the best items we can all repurpose to grow seedlings are clear fruit clam shells. You can also use cleaned baked chicken, cupcake and cake plastic containers.

Fruit clam shells work well for me because they are small enough for six to fit on cookie sheets so I can easily move them around the house to catch sunlight. I place them on a towel on the cookie sheet so the soil can stay moist without getting wet. Clam shells have openings at the bottom.

Over the years, peat pots have been a favorite pot of choice for seed planting. Those are a good choice as well because they can feature one seed per pot and easily be transplanted. Plants grown in clam shells can also be transplanted into peat pots.

Traditional peat pots used for vegetable seed starting. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

I use a different option. After getting plants started in the clam shells, I transplant them into pots made out of cardboard and newspaper. Once the weather is right, I can easily plop these into the ground without moving the plant around any more. This will ensure the roots can then grow into the surrounding soil as the thin cardboard disintegrates.

Cherry tomato seedlings transplanted into cardboard newspaper pots. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

The inside of toilet paper rolls make excellent planters for individual plants. Those can also be planted outside when the temperatures are right.

It’s starting to feel like spring!

Charlotte

March Gardening Tips

Gluing the bottom of a gourd birdhouse before hanging it outside. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

March Gardening Chores

March is the beginning of spring and daffodil days in my garden, so many daffodils that one of my neighbors used to refer to my garden as “Daffodilland.” The weather can also be a little challenging in USDA Hardiness zone 5b so March can be a hit and miss month in terms of getting a lot done.

This March 2020 started out mild enough so I was able to get my main chore done, getting my birdhouses repaired and hanging in my garden. Attracting birds is a great way to manage unwanted bugs without using insecticides and pesticides.

The birdhouses also serve as homes for paper wasps, a wonderful pollinator we often find on porches and other unwanted areas. By giving them an alternative home, they can still pollinate our gardens without getting in the way.

My gourds painted like apples are back on my apple trees. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

2.     Prune and fertilize roses. On the first warm day, I remove all dead branches so the new growth will have room. I also add coffee grounds, banana peels, Epsom salts and crushed egg shells mixed into the soil around the base of the plants. Gently, you don’t want to tear up the roots. Also a good time to mulch.

3.     Plant onion sets around roses to keep bugs at bay. Three for miniature roses, 5-6 for the larger roses.

4. Prune fruit trees. Nothing elaborate, I make sure the branches don’t cross and are open in the center. Also mulch. Make a tire around the base leaving the space up at the tree trunk open.

5.     My hellebores and ‘Autumn Joy’ Sedum get the old greenery cut off so any new growth gets to shine. The Sedum starts look like tiny green roses close to the ground.

6.     Mulch. My over-wintering mulch pile is ready to spread over new areas that need cover for the season and areas that lost cover over winter. Good time to load up the wheelbarrow and keep a supply at hand.

7.     If you didn’t get your lettuce and spinach out in February, get them planted this month. I started a crop in my pot garden mid-February.

8.     March and St. Patrick’s Day is also the time to plant potatoes, radishes and carrots.

9.     The last frost day for this zone is Mother’s Day in May so it’s a little too early to get much else planted and much too early to move tropical plants outside, even if you are ready to toss them out on their aggravating dropping leaves by now. Give them a little rainwater and that will help tide them over for another month or so.

First crocus of the season are in bloom March 1! (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

10.  Also check inside plants for bugs. Look under leaves and if you see white bugs, clean off with a damp cloth wet with water and dishwashing liquid. Spray soil with a few drops of dishwashing liquid in water in a spray bottle to get rid of eggs. Start watering with ¼ strength fertilizer since days are getting longer.

11. Take time to enjoy the sunshine and look for spring-blooming plants!

 Charlotte

Homemade Rose Food

If you don’t have coffee grounds, save tea bags to mix with egg shells and banana peels. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

Homemade Rose Food

There’s another snow storm in the forecast for mid-Missouri but I know spring is close, I am encouraged - no, propelled to start making my homemade rose food.

Frankly I can’t tell you where I found this homemade plant food recipe. I have been making it for a couple of decades now from dried egg shells, banana peels, coffee grounds and Epsom salt.

The hardest part is saving the items so they can dry and then get mixed.

To easy dry the banana peels, egg shells and tea bags, i have a basket that sits on top of my refrigerator lined with a paper towel over those silica pouches that get included in show boxes and other shipped items.

The little drying basket I keep on top of refrigerator to dry egg shells and banana peels. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

What I do know is that this homemade rose food works. When I worked in a government office, I used to take fresh flowers in for our coffee break room, two bouquets of flowers every week or so. When my tea roses were blooming, I would take in those little bouquets and get accused of buying the flowers, or having a secret admirer who gave them to me. Grew them myself, I would say ,but people would still raise eyebrows.

Missouri is not the best place to grow roses but our clay soil is good for roses. The hot temperatures strain roses later in the season but we can grow roses through a good long spring. As long as the soil is well fed, the roses will follow.

To start, dry banana peels. I keep a basket on top of my refrigerator lined with a paper towel. I find it easier to cut up the banana peels after they are dry but I have cut them up both fresh, and dry.

Banana peels are easier to cut up after they are dry. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

I also use the basket over the refrigerator to dry out egg shells.

Since I don’t drink coffee, I collect it from our bee club meetings and a local coffee house. I also save tea bags.

I also dry out the coffee on a newspaper spread onto a bread tray in my garage. Once dry, I store the dry coffee in a reused plastic container I use later to mix all ingredients.

Dry coffee grounds are better to mix up with other ingredients. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

I also keep a supply of Epsom salts handy for garden use. If I happen to run out of bath salts, I also have this as a back up supply.

One of my garden staples, epson salts, good for soil as well as soothing baths. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

Once it’s time to start using, I mix banana peels and coffee in equal parts. I add crushed egg shells and Epsom salts half the amount of the banana peels. Mix.

To use, I make a small trench around the drip line of the roses and sprinkle the mixture in.

How well does it work?

Here’s an old fashioned climbing rose that gets the homemade rose food every year.

And here is an old climbing rose, rejuvenated last year with my homemade rose food. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

One of the best things about this mixture is that I am reusing banana peels, egg shells and coffee grounds and making a plant food that has proven itself.

Also helps to have an extra source of Epsom salts for my tired muscles!

Charlotte

Cedar Arbor Branches

Adding cedar branches gives plants more surface to climb. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

Cedar Arbor Branches

Buying, and making, a garden arbor is more than just two elliptical shapes held together. The garden arbor also needs more intricate supports for the plants that you plan to grow over it.

If the garden arbor is metal, that can be hard to add. Unless you have native cedar trees, which I have in abundance.

I like to remove the bottom cedar branches so i can walk by them without having to wrestle my way around them, giving me a good source of garden arbor supports.Now I collect cut cedar branches to add structure to my garden arbors so the climbing plants have an easier way to grow.

Climbing roses appreciate having cedar branches to grow on. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

This garden arbor stands between two windows. I have climbing rose starts given to me making their way up the sides so the roses will be visible at the top from the inside, where i have chairs facing out into the garden. On either side of the arbor, away from the house, are old-fashioned lilacs that make their presence known when they are in bloom. Great excuse to open all of the windows!

Anchoring either side of the arbor and the seat are boxwoods to give the space a little privacy.

Adding the cedar branches is easy, especially the ones with a little curve.

Use the cedar branch curve to secure the branch in between the metal rungs. It may take a little trial and error. I will clip off the branch sticking up on the right and will secure the curved branch on the left to give roses more places to grow overhead.

I’m just starting to add cedar branches to this new arbor. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

I am adding cedar branches to another new metal arbor. This is replacing an older one that got bent in a wind storm.

I start by adding vertical cedar branches up each side. The straight cedar branches provide the metal arbor additional support and are secured to the metal arbor with metal twist ties. As i find other cedar branches, i can now easily weave them into the metal.

New arbor marking a path is getting cedar branches added. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

Most garden arbors need more vertical supports for climbing plants to spread the greenery. Here’s a garden arbor I made completely out of cedar branches to give my raspberries support. I weave the raspberry plant tips through the top, making a low shade arbor.

I plant shade-loving herbs underneath.

This raspberry arbor is all cedar branches! (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

Cut down your cedar branches right before you use them. The branches will be easy to fit into spots where you have to bend them into a particular space.

i have also used cedar branches that have weathered after a while but they are a bit more challenging to bend into a shape.

Charlotte

Winter Nests

Tree tops in winter reveal a variety of nests. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

Winter Nests

The early months of the year tend to be gray and overcast where I live. When it rains for several days, it’s even more of a spirit damper so over the years, I have developed things i look for as we slowly move towards spring.

One of the signs I try to spot are nests. With all of the leaves off trees and bushes, nests become clearly apparent. I find tiny nests in shrubs that held Red Cardinal eggs. Sometimes I clean nests out of some of my bird feeders.

And on my walks, I look for nests at tree tops.

I don’t have to look up the source of those tree top nests, they belong to the very active community of gray squirrels in my garden.

In one of my older gardening books I was reading, there was a time when people put up squirrel boxes for squirrel nesting sites. Without those boxes, squirrels build nests in trees or use dead tree trunks.

I do leave old trees to give woodpeckers and squirrels potential homes but they seem to do a pretty good job themselves.

Nests in trees full of leaves are squirrel nests. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

Be careful getting too close. I once tried to look at the detailed leaf design of a squirrel nest and found myself staring into the faces of 3 baby squirrels!

Charlotte

New Bluebird Birdhouse

Resin-based bluebird birdhouse with an easy to clean bottom stopper. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

New Bluebird Birdhouse

It hasn’t exactly been high on my priority list but every year about this time of year I look for well built, easy to clean bluebird houses.

As Bluebird Gardens, we often see Eastern Bluebirds, especially during winter and early spring, visiting the garden in flocks. I often spot them eating Smooth Sumac seeds or drinking water out of the little water fall off my front porch.

A flock of Eastern Bluebirds one winter on my porch. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

Eastern Bluebird numbers used to be on the decline but a concerted effort to put up houses for them has turned the tide on their numbers nationwide.

I like having birdhouses in my garden to keep unwanted bugs under control. Sixty percent of all birds depend on insects for food. Bluebirds eat grasshoppers, all types of flying insects, crickets, spiders, beetles and caterpillars during the spring and summer. When overwintering in Missouri, bluebirds form small flocks and feed primarily on berries and other available fruits. During warm winter days, they will eat any insects that become active.

I found a charming bluebird birdhouse several years ago at Goodwill made out of a gourd for $1. The painted gourd ones retail for $35 in the Midwest.

I spent an hour giving the gourd bluebird a new beak and fixing the damage to one side with paint. A clear coat and the bluebird gourd is now cradled in the middle of a wreath on my front porch. And yes, I do get visitors all summer checking out the birdhouse. And some nesting in the wreath, see the little nest in front of the bluebird gourd?

The salvaged bluebird gourd birdhouse keeping a wreath company. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

Gourd birdhouses are charming but not very hardy. I take them down in fall, store them in my bee shed and put them back out in spring. Well, except for the bluebird one.

I also have bluebird houses around my garden, some which entertain bluebird pairs raising young a couple of times a year.

To get ready for this year’s bluebird-raising season, I found this new, resin-based bluebird birdhouse on an online shopping channel. They were featuring garden items and these were on clearance.

After showing how easy they can be cleaned, I ordered one knowing that the last purchase from China for a customer had not turned out well.

I was in luck. This little bluebird birdhouse came in undamaged and ready for use.

I do read instructions, even if I think i know how to use something. These instructions were pretty clear.

Now can instructions get any easier? (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

The bluebird birdhouse is now spending the rest of February sitting on my bookcase by my front door.

In addition to being a favorite Bluebird Gardens tenant, Eastern Bluebirds are Missouri’s state bird.

The bluebird birdhouse will go outside the next sunny day since bluebirds can fledge three families a year and usually set up shop late winter.

The bluebird birdhouse has joined my other collection of garden friends on a book case. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

I’m a little worried, though. That bluebird birdhouse looks awfully cute on my book case….

Charlotte

Early Spring Signs

King Alfred daffodils are showing buds February 2, 2020. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

Early Signs of 2020 Spring

The groundhog is predicting an early spring this year, something I would agree with since my mid-Missouri hillside garden has been showing early spring signs for awhile. Quite awhile!

Scientists have forecasted that with our rapidly changing climate, moving at 150-year increments versus 10 million years - our weather and growing patterns will continue to change. I can remember a time when our soil was frozen for several months. I’m not sure my soil this year has ever been cold enough to freeze - i see too many signs of plants still growing.

One amazing sight is of a plant I love because it reminds me of the softness of my cats ears. Lamb’s Ears are a ground cover with deliciously delicate, ever so soft leaves that usually die back. I haven’t seen them die back yet this year. If anything, they are growing.

Lambs Ears spreading through one of my flower beds. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

In previous winters, Lamb’s Ears would hang on through Christmas and disappear under leaves once the ground froze. As I said earlier, I don’t think our soil in mid-Missouri has frozen yet this winter.

I was wondering how my tulips would take not getting their usual 8-12 weeks of cold exposure before they start growing. We think of tulips as being from Holland but they are originally from very cold Northern Hemisphere Russia, where they are used to cold winters to get them ready for spring blooming.

Tulips are also popping up, a good month and a half early. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

Here’s another amazing sight, strawberry plants peeking out through their blanket of straw and mulch.

This is a new strawberry patch I started two years ago as part of my “Berry Patch.” I’m mixing flowers among raspberries, blueberries, figs and strawberries as well as mums to keep unwelcome bugs away. This growing bed has a layer of tree limbs in the bottom to retain moisture.

Who sees strawberry leaves this early in the year! (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

Not everything is out of sinc. I did find several of my Christmas or Lenten roses getting ready to bloom. They usually are the first flowers to appear early in the year, keeping their flowers until late April.

Lenten Roses usually do bloom this time of year. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

I spent two lovely days in the 70s puttering in my garden early February. As much as I enjoyed the sunshine, and was reminded of how sore I can get out in the garden, there was no point in getting concerned. As soon as I was wondering how these plants would fare, and when I would get a break, a winter storm moved in covering the ground in large, beautiful snowflakes.

Another snowstorm blanketing Bluebird Gardens. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

Ok, back to writing my books and finishing projects in front of a fire. Thatt’s more like it for early mid-Missouri February!

Charlotte

February Gardening Chores

Use downed trees as flower borders; as they break down, they will improve soil. (Photo by
Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

February Gardening Chores

We’re in the throes of another warm spell, temperatures nudging 60F and encouraging my fruit trees, and bees, to be out in the garden early. Almost two months early. Some of our big box stores are also setting up for spring fever early, two of them already have seed offerings and seed starting kits for sale.

I live in USDA Hardiness Zone 5b-6A, inching more towards 6A based on this winter.. The following are my February gardening chores:

• Locate downed tree trunks and use them to border flower beds. As the tree trunks decompose, they will improve the soil.

• Pressure is on so if you haven’t made a dent in your reading pile, get a start, spring is only two months away. With our rapidly changing and more erratic climate patterns, the forecast is for an earlier spring.

•  If you haven’t ordered your favorite gardening catalogs, get them ordered. Look for catalogs with detailed plant descriptions and good photographs so you can use them for reference.  Missouri Wildflowers Catalog has lovely pictures, even old catalogs are still good references. www.mowildflowers.net. For heirloom seeds, try Baker Creek Heirloom Seeds at www.rareseeds.com, both are Missouri nurseries.

• Review last year’s garden diary entries. If you’ve missed a few entries, add them now. Underline items you wanted to get done this year. I make a list, then decide which projects I want to tackle. I also carry over the ones I didn’t get to last year, or drop them off the master list. This is a good time to dream.

• Focus on adding native plants. Once established, they will be low care and tend to require less water than other plants and they will feed the native pollinators. They are connected. Check out George O. White State Forest Nursery, they may still have some seedlings left. Order even if they say sold out, you may still get the seedlings if the previous person didn’t pay for their order.

• Read. I keep a pile of gardening books from our local library’s semi-annual book sale just for snowy, cold winter days.

• On warm days, remember to water mums planted this past year. New mums need a gallon a month to keep their roots moist their first year. Once established, mums will become perennials and deter bugs from around where they are planted.

• Pile mulch and leaves on garden beds if they’ve been blown off by winter winds.

• Check inside plants for any hitchhiking bugs and remove. Make sure they are getting their sunlight needs met. If not, move them. Water with diluted fertilizer. Prune as necessary.

• Drop your garden pruners and other garden tools off to get sharpened, this is a slow time of year and this will give you a head start on the season.

• When feeding birds, add a little sand in the bird feeder mix. Birds need sand to help them digest seeds. Also ensure they have an available water source. Feed suet on cold days.

• If you have fish in an outside pond, make sure it has a hole in the ice so fish will get oxygen.

Signs of spring around the corner, daffodil bulbs popping up! (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

There are signs of spring in my garden, daffodil bulbs are popping up. Only 50 days until spring!

Charlotte

Cardboard Flower Bed

Cardboard Flower Bed

Who would have ever guessed our love affair with home delivery would morph into a gardening technique. That’s what is happening, though with the proliferance of cardboard and the desire, at least on my part, to have yet another flower bed on my limestone hillside.

Cardboard has been an excellent gardening tool for a number of years. I have used cardboard in the bottom of newly-dug holes to keep seedlings watered. I have also mulched established plants first with cardboard, then covered them in seasoned wooden chips.

Now cardboard in my garden has graduated into getting new full-fledged flower beds ready for planting.

It doesn’t have to be large pieces, any size cardboard box will do.

Saving a small stash of cardboard to move it out to my garden. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

When gardening on a hillside, the critical part is having something to place on the cardboard so that it doesn’t blow away.

When I think I have enough cardboard to cover a garden area, I either collect bags of shredded leaves or already have shredded leaves in the area. That way I can cover the cardboard with the shredded leaves so they hold down the cardboard.

Leaves also make good choices to keep cardboard from blowing away. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

If I can time the cardboard addition to weather, even better. A good rain will help settle the cardboard into the hillside and help it smother what is underneath.

If something is strong enough to grow through cardboard, I tend to leave it.

It can take 6 weeks to 3 months to kill off what was originally growing in an area now covered in cardboard.

Once the area is cleared and is covered in shredded leaves and wood chips, it should be ready for planting in the next growing season.

Now I’m working on cardboard for the next flower garden. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

I like the idea of repurposing cardboard in my garden. The cardboard also provides a nice layer that helps maintain moisture in the soil.

Coming up next, planting native tree seedlings from George O. White Nursery, coming in around April.

Charlotte

Winter Watering Holes

My favorite winter watering hole for my birds, a tiny waterfall. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

Winter Watering Holes

We think of garden visitors like butterflies and birds enjoying bird baths in the summer but they also need a good source of water in the winter when it’s not so easy. After several options, I finally found the easiest, and most reliable way to offer water to my birds and bees over winter: a small waterfall. The continuously moving water provides a constant water source when other options are either frozen or no longer available.

For many years, I would try pouring hot water into concrete bird baths to break up the ice. Depending on the outside temperatures, the water would just freeze.

One of the bird baths near a bird feeder covered in ice. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

I do have a heated bird bath. The challenge with this option is having a deck or pole where it can be installed, as well as nearby electricity.

I had this plugged in and on my porch for several days. It needs to be daily checked and kept filled, not to mention finding a good way to mount it.

Heated birdbaths need a safe mounting pole and nearby electricity. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

When I found this portable water fall on sale, I was not thinking about this being a watering hole for birds and other creatures. I installed it next to my front porch and added local rocks to help it blend into the nearby limestone.

I was thinking this would attract frogs I could enjoy watching. Instead, birds, bees and butterflies have made this a favorite watering spot all year around.

This waterfall is an easy way to provide water in winter. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

What I like about a portable water fall for winter water is that the constant movement keeps the water from freezing. The water fall holds the water that gets circulated and is easily refilled periodically.

if you want to manage the water fall, you can place it on a timer so that it doesn’t run all of the time. Mine shuts off in the evening during summer and kicks back on early morning. During winter, I keep it running all night so that the water doesn’t freeze.

Bluebirds making a winter stop at my porch water fall for a drink. (Photo by Charlotte Ekker Wiggins)

The morning I looked out my front door to see a whole flock of Eastern Bluebirds getting a drink out of the water fall I knew this was the solution for me. And my birds.
For the ease of providing water all year, this has turned out to be the best option.

You will find these portable water falls at big box home and garden centers usually spring through summer. I have seen them on sale in the fall, usually when inventory is down to only one or two units.

Charlotte